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Also reported in: mOsm/L
A normal urine osmolality within 300–900 mOsm/kg reflects appropriate kidney concentrating or diluting response to the body's current hydration state. Normal kidneys can concentrate urine up to 1200 mOsm/kg (maximum) and dilute it to approximately 50 mOsm/kg (minimum) as needed. This result confirms basic concentrating and diluting function is intact.
A critically low urine osmolality below 100 mOsm/kg indicates the kidneys are producing urine almost as dilute as pure water — reflecting either massive overhydration, noticeable diabetes insipidus (inability to concentrate urine), or end-stage kidney disease with lost concentrating function. Normal kidneys should be able to concentrate to at least 300 mOsm/kg under normal conditions.
Seek medical evaluation. Diabetes insipidus, noticeable kidney disease, or very large overhydration needs to be assessed urgently with serum osmolality and sodium.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — critically dilute (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; critical: <100)Very dilute urine osmolality below 300 mOsm/kg suggests very high fluid intake, diuretic use, early diabetes insipidus, or impaired kidney concentrating ability. In a person who just drank large amounts of water, this is completely normal. Persistent inability to concentrate above 300 mOsm/kg without excess fluid intake may indicate concentrating defects.
Assess in context of fluid intake. If not deliberately over-hydrated, evaluate for diabetes insipidus or kidney concentrating defect.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — very dilute (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; dilute: 100–300)Urine osmolality in the 300–400 mOsm/kg range reflects dilute urine consistent with good hydration or diuretic use. At this level, the kidneys have reduced their concentrating effort in response to adequate fluid availability. This is a normal physiological finding for well-hydrated individuals.
Normal finding in well-hydrated individuals. Continue adequate fluid intake.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — dilute (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; dilute: 300–400)A normal urine osmolality within 300–900 mOsm/kg reflects appropriate kidney concentrating or diluting response to the body's current hydration state. Normal kidneys can concentrate urine up to 1200 mOsm/kg (maximum) and dilute it to approximately 50 mOsm/kg (minimum) as needed. This result confirms basic concentrating and diluting function is intact.
Normal result. Good basic kidney concentrating function confirmed.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — normal (ref: {{low}}–{{high}})An optimal urine osmolality between 400 and 800 mOsm/kg represents healthy kidney concentrating function with adequate but not excessive hydration. At this range, the kidneys are working comfortably in their mid-range, not maximally stressed to concentrate or maximally diluting in response to over-hydration. Sample concentration is ideal for other urine tests.
Excellent result. Good hydration and normal kidney concentrating function.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — optimal (ref: 400–800)Borderline high urine osmolality indicates the kidneys are retaining water to compensate for slightly reduced fluid intake. The kidney is concentrating urine as a normal response to mild fluid restriction. At this level there is increased risk of crystal precipitation and mildly increased risk of kidney stones.
Increase fluid intake. Pale yellow urine with multiple bathroom trips throughout the day is the hydration target.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — borderline concentrated (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; borderline: 800–900)High urine osmolality reflects significant kidney water conservation in response to reduced fluid intake or increased fluid loss. The kidney is working near its maximum concentrating capacity. Dark yellow or amber urine is typically visible at this level. Concentrated urine significantly increases the risk of kidney stone formation and UTI.
Increase water intake significantly. If high osmolality persists despite adequate fluid intake, evaluate for inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) or other causes of abnormal water conservation.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — concentrated (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; concentrated: 900–1100)Critically elevated urine osmolality above 1100 mOsm/kg approaches or exceeds the maximum concentrating capacity of the kidneys. This can reflect noticeable dehydration where the kidneys are working at maximum water conservation, or SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate ADH) where the kidney is retaining water inappropriately despite normal or low serum osmolality. This degree of urine concentration can cause very large urine solute precipitation.
Seek medical evaluation. Determine the serum sodium and osmolality simultaneously to assess for SIADH or dehydration. Appropriate fluid management depends on the underlying cause.
Urine Osmolality: {{value}} {{unit}} — critically concentrated (ref: {{low}}–{{high}}; critical: >1100)Upload your lab report and get your actual values interpreted in plain English — instantly, with no medical training required.