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Up to 2 hyaline casts per HPF is within the accepted normal range. Hyaline casts in this quantity are benign and physiological. Pathological casts — granular, waxy, RBC, WBC, or fatty casts — would be the concerning finding, not a modest number of pure hyaline casts.
Urine casts are cylindrical protein structures formed in the kidney tubules that indicate kidney structural disease when certain types are present in excess. No casts detected means the kidney tubules are healthy and no abnormal material is forming casts in the collecting system. This is the ideal finding.
Excellent result. No kidney structural disease signal from casts.
Urine Casts: none detected (ref: 0–{{high}} hyaline per HPF)A very small number of hyaline casts (1 or fewer per HPF) is normal. Hyaline casts are made of pure protein and form normally in concentrated or acidic urine, during dehydration, or after intense exercise. They have no structural kidney disease significance. Zero to minimal hyaline casts is the expected finding in healthy kidneys.
Normal result. Hyaline casts alone without other cast types are not concerning.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — hyaline only, minimal (ref: 0–{{high}} per HPF)A borderline minimal hyaline cast count is still well within the normal range. One to two hyaline casts per HPF is accepted as normal and commonly occurs with dehydration or concentrated urine. No cellular elements or other cast types have been mentioned, which is reassuring.
Normal result.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — minimal hyaline (ref: 0–{{high}} per HPF)Up to 2 hyaline casts per HPF is within the accepted normal range. Hyaline casts in this quantity are benign and physiological. Pathological casts — granular, waxy, RBC, WBC, or fatty casts — would be the concerning finding, not a modest number of pure hyaline casts.
Normal result. The absence of granular, RBC, WBC, or waxy casts is the key negative finding.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — normal range (ref: 0–{{high}} hyaline per HPF)The absence of any urine casts is the optimal result. No tubular protein precipitation is occurring, meaning the kidneys are functioning without concentrated protein buildup or tubular stress. This is consistent with well-hydrated, healthy kidney tubules.
Excellent result.
Urine Casts: none detected — optimal (ref: 0)A borderline elevated cast count, especially if granular casts are beginning to appear, may indicate mild kidney tubule stress or early disease. Granular casts signal actual tubule cell degeneration and are a step above simple hyaline casts. The type of cast matters as much as the count — granular and cellular casts carry more clinical significance.
Discuss the cast type with your doctor. If granular or cellular casts are present, kidney function testing and nephrology follow-up are appropriate.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — borderline elevated (ref: 0–{{high}} per HPF; borderline: 2–5 hyaline or rare granular)An elevated cast count — especially if RBC casts (indicating glomerulonephritis), WBC casts (indicating pyelonephritis or interstitial nephritis), or granular casts (indicating tubular damage) are present — is a significant finding pointing to active kidney disease. The specific cast type provides diagnostic information about which part of the kidney is affected and the likely disease mechanism.
Medical evaluation is needed. The cast type determines the urgency — RBC casts suggest active glomerulonephritis and require urgent nephrology referral.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — elevated (ref: 0–{{high}} per HPF; elevated: 5–10 or pathological types)Critically elevated casts or the presence of waxy or broad casts indicate advanced kidney disease. Waxy casts form when tubules are very damaged and dilated, and broad casts indicate these are forming in the collecting ducts — reflecting near-total tubular dysfunction. This is a sign of noticeable, often irreversible, kidney damage.
Urgent nephrology evaluation is needed. This level of cast pathology is associated with advanced chronic kidney disease, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or acute tubular necrosis.
Urine Casts: {{value}} per HPF — critically elevated or waxy/broad casts present (ref: 0–{{high}} per HPF; critical: >10 or waxy)Upload your lab report and get your actual values interpreted in plain English — instantly, with no medical training required.